Ear wax, also known as cerumen, is a natural substance produced by glands in the ear canal. It plays an important role in protecting the ears by trapping dust, debris, and bacteria, helping to keep the ear canal clean and lubricated. In most cases, ear wax moves out of the ear naturally and does not require removal.

Sometimes, ear wax can build up and become impacted. This may lead to symptoms such as reduced hearing, a feeling of fullness, discomfort, itching, or ringing in the ear (tinnitus). Build-up is more common in people who use hearing aids, earplugs, or cotton buds, which can push wax deeper into the canal.

If ear wax is causing symptoms, it can be safely managed with appropriate treatments. Options may include softening drops or professional removal methods such as microsuction or irrigation, depending on suitability. It is important to avoid inserting objects like cotton buds into the ear, as this can worsen blockage and increase the risk of injury or infection.

If you are experiencing symptoms of ear wax build-up, a clinician can assess your ears and recommend the most appropriate treatment.